CauseF ♦ copyright and credits, history

CauseF manual (v. 5.0)

Contents

Overview
Default settings - Set default options for all modules
Grid - Key points, Settings window, Grid window
Spheres - Key points, Settings window, Spheres window
Planets - Key points, Settings window, Planets window
Bones - Concept, Process, Key points, Settings window, Bones window, Bones properties window, Presets, Tips and hints
Contact and bug report
Copyright and credits, references, history

The program is subject to copyright as outlined in Disclaimer and legal notices.

The graphics in Spheres, Planets and Bones use the OpenGL framework.
Audio makes use of IrrKlang.

References

For the Bones module the following sources were accessed:

Absorption Coefficients a of Building Materials and Finishes, Tontechnik-Rechner - sengpielaudio, https://sengpielaudio.com/calculator-RT60Coeff.htm.

A Complete Guide to Cantilever Beam | Deflections and Moments, SkyCiv, https://skyciv.com/docs/tutorials/beam-tutorials/cantilever-beam/#cantilever-beam-moments.

Bending Moment - Formula, Diagram with Examples, Byju's Exam Prep, https://byjusexamprep.com/gate-ce/bending-moment, 25 September 2023.

Bone Density Results, Chatswood Densitometry, https://www.chatswooddensitometry.com.au/bone-density-results.html.

J Du, W Soboyejo et al., Bone Strength, ScienceDirect, https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/bone-strength.

Calculating bending stress for pipes, Ohysics Forums, https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/calculating-bending-stress-for-pipes.847953/.

Comparing the Compressive Strengths of Different Metals, Gensun, https://www.china-machining.com/blog/compressive-strength-of-metals/.

Compressive Strength, CorrosionPedia, https://www.corrosionpedia.com/definition/1620/compressive-strength-material-science.

Concrete Properties, The Engineering ToolBox, https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/concrete-properties-d_1223.html.

Density of Plastics: Technical Properties, Omnexus, https://omnexus.specialchem.com/polymer-property/density#PS-X.

Elasticity: Stress and Strain, Lumen Learning, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-physics/chapter/5-3-elasticity-stress-and-strain/.

Flexure Formula, StudySmarter, https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/engineering/solid-mechanics/flexure-formula/.

Glass Weight Calculator, omni calculator, https://www.omnicalculator.com/construction/glass-weight.

J D Bedford, D R Faulkner, J Wheeler, H Lecl èreHigh-Resolution Mapping of Yield Curve Shape and Evolution for High-Porosity Sandstone, AGU100, https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018JB016719, 18 June 2019.

Mechanical properties of bone, University of Cambridge, https://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/bones/bone_mechanical.php.

Mechanics of Materials: Torsion, Boston University Mechanical Engineering, https://www.bu.edu/moss/mechanics-of-materials-torsion/.

Material Properties Database, MakeItFrom.com, https://www.makeitfrom.com/.

Material Properties of Concrete, https://www.in.gov/dot/div/contracts/standards/dm-Archived/09Metric/Part6/Ch62/figures/Fig62-1A.pdf.

Mechanical properties of materials: Shafts in torsion, Linear Motion Tips, https://www.linearmotiontips.com/mechanical-properties-of-materials-shafts-in-torsion/.

Mechanical Testing - Tensile Testing, Part 1, TWI, https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/job-knowledge/mechanical-testing-tensile-testing-part-1-069.

Moment of Inertia, HyperPhysics, http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/mi.html.

Moment of Inertia of a Cylinder about Its Perpendicular Axis, Wolfram Demonstrations Project, https://demonstrations.wolfram.com/MomentOfInertiaOfACylinderAboutItsPerpendicularAxis/.

E A Genina, A N Bashkatove, V V Tuchin, Optical Clearing of Cranial Bone, Hindawi, https://www.hindawi.com/journals/aot/2008/267867/, 19 May 2008.

Parallel Axis Theorem for a Solid Cylinder, Wolfram Notebook, https://www.wolframcloud.com/objects/demonstrations/ParallelAxisTheoremForASolidCylinder-source.nb.

Pipe deflection calculator, Mear Calculator, https://www.meracalculator.com/engineering/deflection-round-tube-beams.php.

Properties of softwood, Swedish Wood, https://www.swedishwood.com/wood-facts/about-wood/from-log-to-plank/properties-of-softwood/.

Second moment of area, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_moment_of_area.

D Roylance, Shear and Torsion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, https://web.mit.edu/course/3/3.11/www/modules/torsion.pdf, 23 June 2000.

Second polar moment of area, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_polar_moment_of_area.

Shear Modulus of Rigidity Table of Engineering Materials, Engineers Edge, https://www.engineersedge.com/materials/shear_modulus_of_rigidity_13122.htm.

Stresses & Deflections in Beams, MechaniCalc, https://mechanicalc.com/reference/beam-analysis.

R Lehman, The Mechanical Properties of Glass, Rutgers University, New Jersey, https://glassproperties.com/references/MechPropHandouts.pdf.

Torsional Deflection of Shaft, Engineers Edge, https://www.engineersedge.com/mechanics_machines/torsional_deflection_of_shaft_13120.htm.

Torsional Loads, princeton.edu, https://www.princeton.edu/~maelabs/hpt/materials/torsionload.htm.

Team Xometry, Yield Strength: Definition, Importance, Graphs, and How to Calculate, Xometry, https://www.xometry.com/resources/3d-printing/yield-strength/, 30 March 2023.

Yield Strength of Plastics - Basic principles, the Tensile Test and Material Property Table, Matmatch, https://matmatch.com/learn/property/yield-strength-of-plastics.

Young's Moduli and Shear Moduli in Cortical Bone, ResearchGate, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/14287378_Young%27s_Moduli_and_Shear_Moduli_in_Cortical_Bone.

Young's modulus, Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/science/Youngs-modulus.

History

Version 5.0:

Overall
More efficient menus. Streamlined code.

The entire Bones module.
Added tool tips to just about everything (they can be switched off).
Streamlined menus.
Streamlined file operations.

Grid:
Added more safeguards to menus.

Spheres:
Provided alerts for maximum numbers.
More efficient resets.

Planets:
Provided alerts for maximum numbers.
On-time alerts of changed fast-save conditions for Planets.
Removed useless eye-candy (camera views for sun and any planet).
Linked zoom effects to planet paths if shown at the same time.
More efficient resets.

Default options:
Extended default settings options to all modules.
On-time alerts of changed fast-save conditions for Planets.

Version 4.5:

Overall
More efficient menus. Streamlined code. Tool tips added to just about every interface.

Grid
More efficient handling of arrays. Added a primary sample pool for probability calculations. Element tiles have a more descriptive text.

Spheres
More efficient handling of groups. Ability to copy the contents of one group to a new one. A more user-friendly labeling in the Settings window. Added sound for two balls hitting each other as well as a ball hitting the side.

Planets
Expanded the options for default settings, including a default file name for fast-saves (with consecutive numbering added to that name for every fast-save) and changing the default width of the planets' path rendering to take care of the specific resolution of the monitor). The option of starting the planet operation as the startup settings when saved to a file, or starting the operation with the exact locations of every planet already in place at the time of the fast-save. The option of turning a planet into a sun, thus acquiring the volume and mass of the original sun, as well as changing the new sun back to the planet with its previous characteristics, enabling the user to observe an orbital system comprising two or more suns. Added to fragmentation so that the number of fragments resulting from a collision between two planets is influenced by the planets' respective speed as well as their volume. Added sound, for a planet plunging into the sun, planets colliding with each other and one absorbing the other, or both turning into fragments. More than one planet can be removed from the system at any one time, from 2 to 9. More stopping and restarting possibilities depending on the configuration (basic setup, custom setup with groups, custom setup with special positioning of groups at start (at random, in clusters). A more descriptive depiction of viewing angles in the title bar for left/right, up/down, zoom in/out camera angles. Added left/right and up/down panning for the camera when positioned on the sun and/or a planet. More hotkeys for directly interacting with the system based on the above changes.

Version 3.5:

Interdependence based on nonlinear behaviour is shown through spheres orbiting a centre, similar to planets orbiting a star. Planets can be launched one by one, they can be placed randomly in space or in the form of separate clusters making use of groups. Since they operate within a force field (a simulation of a gravitational field) derived from the mass of the star as well as the planets themselves, their individual velocities are determined by the mutual correspondence inside that functional space. Individual planets and/or groups can be assigned mass and speed values. When planets collide they either absorb each other (and the remaining growing larger) or they can fragment into smaller ones. Observe the emergence of large planets rapidly orbiting the star, cluster-forming through fragmentation, and fragments entering an already established orbit (the beginnings of something like an asteroid belt in real space).

Version 2.5:

Observe nonlinear behaviour through colliding spheres. Define groups, influence the spheres' potential overall or for a selected group, hotkeys for direct interaction and change in behaviour.